Brazil
Federative Republic of Brazil
- Region
- Americas · South America
- Capital
- Brasília
- Population
- 212,812,405 (2025)
- Government
- federal presidential republic
- Currency
- Brazilian real (BRL)
- Official languages
- Portuguese
- Spoken languages
- Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and many minor Amerindian languages
- Written scripts
- Latin
- Area
- 8,515,767 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- BRICS, G20, IMF, Arab League (observer), Mercosur, OECD (enhanced engagement), WCO, WTO
- Borders
- Argentina , Bolivia , Colombia , French Guiana , Guyana , Paraguay , Peru , Suriname , Uruguay , Venezuela
Political stability
57 / 100
Economic stability
41 / 100
Population stability
66 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- soybeans, crude petroleum, iron ore, raw sugar, corn (2023)
- Key imports
- refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, gas turbines (2023)
- Natural resources
- alumina, bauxite, beryllium, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, niobium, phosphates, platinum, tantalum, tin
- Critical minerals
- Supplies ~90% of the world’s niobium; major iron ore.
- Luxury goods
- colored gemstones, specialty coffee
- Primary route
- Santos and southern ports to Asia via the Cape of Good Hope
- Secondary route
- Atlantic services to Europe and North America; Amazon river system
The xin.bz view
- Brazil enters 2026–27 with a record 360.8M t grain harvest (180.5M t soybeans, 143M t corn) and beef exports up 9.9% — redirecting toward the U.S. as the Chinese lower-tariff quota fills.
- The next crop is the risk: ~85% fertilizer-import dependence with urea imports down ~25%, diesel at ~45% of road-freight cost, and El Niño-lowered Amazon river levels that can push grain onto trucks toward Santos and Paranaguá.
- The October 2026 election keeps fuel subsidies and oil-export policy in play; EU–Mercosur provisional application widens European access.
- Brazil anchors the world soybean market — 42.1% of 2026/27 production (186M t) and 62% of exports, with August shipments at 10.25M t (+26.4% y/y) and Santos alone loading ~35M t a year, the largest single soybean export node on Earth.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño: What the Media Has Wrong — and What It Means for Global Trade
The 2026–27 El Niño is on track to be one of the strongest on record. A quarter-by-quarter outlook of where supply falls, where it rises, and which trade corridors cannot adjust fast enough.
El Niño's Caribbean Chain Reaction: How Water Stress Could Become a Food, Freight and Stability Shock
El Niño connects Caribbean water stress, falling U.S. rice stocks, a weak Indian monsoon, and Panama Canal limits into one food, freight, and stability risk through mid-2027.
El Niño Is Reordering South America's Export Map
El Niño makes South America the world's replacement supplier — record Brazilian crops, Argentine rainfall gains, Peru's fishmeal shock, and the logistics that decide who can move it.
El Niño Is Raising the Cost of Keeping Northeast Asia's Factories Running
Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan convert imported energy, grain, and materials into the world's chips, cars, and ships — El Niño raises the cost of keeping that system supplied and moving.
El Niño Hits China Differently: Beijing Can Move the Shock
China enters El Niño with grain reserves, oil inventories, huge ports, Belt and Road routes, and rare-earth leverage — its purchasing and inventory decisions decide where global disruption lands next.
El Niño Is Increasing the World's Need for Eurasia — Geopolitics Will Decide What Gets Through
Russia's ~60M t exportable grain, Kazakh wheat and uranium, Belarusian potash, Turkmen gas, and the Middle Corridor — El Niño raises the world's need for Eurasia while geopolitics decides what gets through.
El Niño Is Raising the Middle East's Food and Water Needs — While War Is Rewriting How Supply Gets In and Energy Gets Out
Gulf desalination and grain buying, Egypt's Nile and Suez loops, Hormuz fertilizer constraints, and $280B+ in reconstruction demand — the Middle East sits on both sides of the El Niño shock.
Vessel-Days Are Becoming the Scarce Asset in Global Shipping
The merchant fleet is growing while effective capacity tightens — Hormuz detours, Panama slot cuts, war-risk insurance, officer shortages and drydocking are consuming the ship-days that move cargo.
The Fuel Dock Becomes the Next Shipping Chokepoint
Large-vessel bunker constraints are moving from refinery systems into global freight economics — a 218,000 b/d fuel-oil deficit, 12–15-day Singapore lead times, and the routes, industries and carriers that pay first.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Potash Is the Potassium Backbone of Global Agriculture — and Its Supply Is Concentrated in a Handful of Countries
Potash (potassium chloride/MOP) deep dive — Canada, Russia, China, and Belarus at 76% of mine output, the rail-and-port chokepoints, storage, price history, and why potassium is agriculture's irreplaceable nutrient.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Sorghum Is the Drought-Tolerant Grain Linking Food Security to U.S.–China Feed Trade
Sorghum deep dive — the U.S. supplies 50.6% of world exports and China takes 77.6% of imports, Kansas and Texas hold 82% of the U.S. crop, and one month of Plains drought cut USDA's forecast 22%.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Fertilizer Converts Energy and Mined Minerals Into Crop Yield — and Its Supply Chain Has Become a Strategic Chokepoint
Fertilizer deep dive — 216M t of nutrients produced against 197M t used, nitrogen tied to natural gas, Hormuz choking a third of urea trade, and why N, P, and K are irreplaceable in plant nutrition.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Soybeans Are the Protein-and-Oil Crop Connecting Brazil, China, U.S. Rivers, Animal Feed, and Biofuels
Soybean deep dive — Brazil at 42% of production and 62% of exports, China at 60% of imports, a record U.S. crop, Santos and the Mississippi as the chokepoints, and the meal-plus-oil economics behind it all.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Praseodymium Is Neodymium's Strategic Partner in Permanent Magnets — and a Critical Aerospace Alloying Element
Praseodymium deep dive — neodymium's partner in NdPr magnet alloys and an aerospace alloying element, with the same Chinese separation chokepoint.
Future Insight ·
The AI Factory Becomes an Industrial Commodity Complex — How Data Centers Reshape Cooling, Water, Power, Metals, and Global Trade Through 2050
Future Insights deep dive — how AI data centers reshape global demand for copper, transformers, cooling equipment, waste heat, and grid capacity through 2050, and what it means for global trade.
Future Insight ·
The Holiday Inventory Has Already Moved
Future Insights — the 2026 holiday season arrived through warehouses months before shoppers: purchase orders placed by May, inventory handed downstream in August, $1 trillion in U.S. sales on flat units, and factory labor tracing the new production map from India to Vietnam.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Brazil for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.