Bulgaria
Republic of Bulgaria
- Region
- Europe · Southeast Europe
- Capital
- Sofia
- Population
- 6,433,302 (2025)
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Official languages
- Bulgarian
- Spoken languages
- Bulgarian (official) 77.3%, Turkish 7.9%, Romani 3.5%, other 1%, unspecified 10.4% (2021 est.)
- Written scripts
- Cyrillic
- Area
- 110,879 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- EU, IMF, NATO, WCO, WTO
- Borders
- Greece , North Macedonia , Romania , Serbia , Türkiye
Political stability
67 / 100
Economic stability
47 / 100
Population stability
60 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- refined petroleum, garments, refined copper, wheat, natural gas (2023)
- Key imports
- crude petroleum, copper ore, cars, packaged medicine, electricity (2023)
- Natural resources
- bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
- Primary route
- Adriatic and Aegean ports into Mediterranean services
- Secondary route
- Danube and overland EU corridors
The xin.bz view
- Bulgaria is investing in the Black Sea’s long-term navigability, expanding mine-clearing and maritime-protection capabilities alongside Romania and Turkey — commercial navigation is becoming an enduring regional priority.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño Is Arriving With Eastern Europe's Waterways Already Depleted — Just as the World Needs Its Grain Corridors
The Danube at exceptional lows, Ukrainian grain exports at a third of last year's pace, Polish maize stepping up, and $588B of reconstruction demand waiting to reverse the corridors — Eastern Europe's recharge season decides 2027.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Bulgaria for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.