Romania
- Region
- Europe · Southeast Europe
- Capital
- Bucharest
- Population
- 19,020,271 (2025)
- Government
- semi-presidential republic
- Currency
- Romanian leu (RON)
- Official languages
- Romanian
- Spoken languages
- Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)
- Written scripts
- Latin
- Area
- 238,391 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- EU, IMF, NATO, WCO, WTO
- Borders
- Bulgaria , Hungary , Moldova , Serbia , Ukraine
Political stability
69 / 100
Economic stability
47 / 100
Population stability
47 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- cars, vehicle parts/accessories, insulated wire, garments, wheat (2023)
- Key imports
- vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, cars, crude petroleum, plastic products (2023)
- Natural resources
- petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
- Primary route
- Adriatic and Aegean ports into Mediterranean services
- Secondary route
- Danube and overland EU corridors
The xin.bz view
- Romania sits at the center of three systems: Constanța as Ukraine’s two-way gateway (grain out, reconstruction cargo in), a maize crop still near 8M t, and Cernavodă’s Danube-cooled reactors — offline in late August while dredging and flow-diversion work restored operating conditions.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño Is Arriving With Eastern Europe's Waterways Already Depleted — Just as the World Needs Its Grain Corridors
The Danube at exceptional lows, Ukrainian grain exports at a third of last year's pace, Polish maize stepping up, and $588B of reconstruction demand waiting to reverse the corridors — Eastern Europe's recharge season decides 2027.
Future Insight ·
Rearming the World Is Becoming a Race for Explosives, Factories, Critical Minerals, and Trusted Supply Chains
Future Insights deep dive — the 2026–2032 global rearmament cycle: a ~2.6 million tonne military replacement obligation, and the industrial race in explosives, propellant, rare-earth magnets, and trusted supply chains.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Romania for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.