Iraq
Republic of Iraq
U.S. sanctions — Iraq-related sanctions. Targeted designations; stabilization-related measures.
As of August 2026 — verify with OFAC and screen counterparties with the xin.bz OFAC search.
- Region
- Asia · Western Asia
- Capital
- Baghdad
- Population
- 47,020,774 (2025)
- Government
- federal parliamentary republic
- Currency
- Iraqi dinar (IQD)
- Official languages
- Arabic, Aramaic, Sorani
- Spoken languages
- Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present
- Written scripts
- Arabic, Syriac, Perso-Arabic
- Area
- 438,317 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- IMF, Arab League, OIC, OPEC, WCO, WTO (observer)
- Borders
- Iran , Jordan , Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Türkiye
Political stability
31 / 100
Economic stability
40 / 100
Population stability
66 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- crude petroleum, refined petroleum, petroleum coke, gold, natural gas (2023)
- Key imports
- refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, gold (2023)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
- Primary route
- Gulf and Red Sea hubs (Jebel Ali, Jeddah) on Asia–Europe lanes
- Secondary route
- Suez Canal corridor to the Mediterranean
The xin.bz view
- Iraq relaxed irrigation restrictions as water conditions improved, strengthening rice expectations, but remains dependent on Turkey’s Tigris/Euphrates management — and Hormuz pressure is accelerating its interest in alternate export routes via Ceyhan, Syria, and Aqaba.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño Is Raising the Middle East's Food and Water Needs — While War Is Rewriting How Supply Gets In and Energy Gets Out
Gulf desalination and grain buying, Egypt's Nile and Suez loops, Hormuz fertilizer constraints, and $280B+ in reconstruction demand — the Middle East sits on both sides of the El Niño shock.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Iraq for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.