Eritrea

Region

Africa · Eastern Africa

Capital

Asmara

Population

3,607,003 (2025)

Government

authoritarian

Currency

Eritrean nakfa (ERN)

Official languages

Arabic, English, Tigrinya

Spoken languages

Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages

Written scripts

Arabic, Latin, Ethiopic

Area

117,600 km²

Coastline

Coastal

UN member

Yes

Affiliations

African Union, COMESA, IMF, Arab League (observer), WCO

Borders

Djibouti , Ethiopia , Sudan

0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).

Trade profile

Key exports

copper ore, zinc ore, gold, garments, liquor (2023)

Key imports

trucks, sorghum, construction vehicles, wheat flours, other foods (2023)

Natural resources

gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish

Primary route

Indian Ocean gateways (Mombasa, Dar es Salaam, Djibouti) to Asia and the Gulf

Secondary route

Suez corridor to Europe

Trade research

• WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
• World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
• OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
• ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
• CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure