Mexico
United Mexican States
- Region
- Americas · North America
- Capital
- Mexico City
- Population
- 131,946,900 (2025)
- Government
- federal presidential republic
- Currency
- Mexican peso (MXN)
- Official languages
- Spanish
- Spoken languages
- Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages (including Mayan, Nahuatl, and others) 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.)
- Written scripts
- Latin
- Area
- 1,964,375 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- APEC, CARICOM (observer), G20, IMF, OECD, USMCA, WCO, WTO
- Borders
- Belize , Guatemala , United States
Political stability
54 / 100
Economic stability
49 / 100
Population stability
84 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- cars, vehicle parts/accessories, crude petroleum, trucks, computers (2023)
- Key imports
- vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, cars (2023)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, silver, antimony, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
- Critical minerals
- World’s largest silver producer.
- Luxury goods
- tequila and mezcal, silver work
- Primary route
- Overland USMCA corridor (Laredo and border crossings) to the U.S.
- Secondary route
- Transpacific via Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas
The xin.bz view
- Mexico is both a major U.S. supplier (dominant in fresh vegetables) and a major U.S. customer — expected to import roughly 26.8M t of corn, 6.2M t of wheat, and 880K t of rice in 2026/27 — making it a two-way climate exposure inside one integrated North American food system.
- It is also the world’s fifth-largest sorghum producer (4.15M t forecast for 2026/27), with cross-border rail and truck flows tying its feed market directly to the U.S. Plains.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño's North American Reallocation: Food, Fuel, Freight and Trade Under Pressure
North America becomes the world's replacement supplier in the 2026–27 El Niño while wheat, rice, beef, water, and diesel stay tight and Panama pushes freight onto U.S. rail.
El Niño Is Reordering South America's Export Map
El Niño makes South America the world's replacement supplier — record Brazilian crops, Argentine rainfall gains, Peru's fishmeal shock, and the logistics that decide who can move it.
The Colorado River Is Repricing the Southwest: Water Cuts Move Through Farms, Freight, Factories, Power and Public Health
The 2027–28 federal Colorado River framework cuts Lower Basin deliveries by 1.25M acre-feet a year — reshaping winter produce, refrigerated freight, semiconductor water recycling, development, and power across the Southwest.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Sorghum Is the Drought-Tolerant Grain Linking Food Security to U.S.–China Feed Trade
Sorghum deep dive — the U.S. supplies 50.6% of world exports and China takes 77.6% of imports, Kansas and Texas hold 82% of the U.S. crop, and one month of Plains drought cut USDA's forecast 22%.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Soybeans Are the Protein-and-Oil Crop Connecting Brazil, China, U.S. Rivers, Animal Feed, and Biofuels
Soybean deep dive — Brazil at 42% of production and 62% of exports, China at 60% of imports, a record U.S. crop, Santos and the Mississippi as the chokepoints, and the meal-plus-oil economics behind it all.
Future Insight ·
The AI Factory Becomes an Industrial Commodity Complex — How Data Centers Reshape Cooling, Water, Power, Metals, and Global Trade Through 2050
Future Insights deep dive — how AI data centers reshape global demand for copper, transformers, cooling equipment, waste heat, and grid capacity through 2050, and what it means for global trade.
Future Insight ·
The Holiday Inventory Has Already Moved
Future Insights — the 2026 holiday season arrived through warehouses months before shoppers: purchase orders placed by May, inventory handed downstream in August, $1 trillion in U.S. sales on flat units, and factory labor tracing the new production map from India to Vietnam.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Mexico for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.