Madagascar

Region

Africa · Eastern Africa

Capital

Antananarivo

Population

32,740,678 (2025)

Government

semi-presidential republic

Currency

Malagasy ariary (MGA)

Official languages

French, Malagasy

Spoken languages

Malagasy (official) 99.9%, French (official) 23.6%, English 8.2%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)

Written scripts

Latin

Area

587,041 km²

Coastline

Coastal

UN member

Yes

Affiliations

African Union, COMESA, IMF, SADC, WCO, WTO

0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).

Trade profile

Key exports

garments, nickel, vanilla, cloves, gold (2023)

Key imports

refined petroleum, rice, fabric, cotton fabric, wheat (2023)

Natural resources

graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower

Luxury goods

vanilla, sapphires

Primary route

Indian Ocean gateways (Mombasa, Dar es Salaam, Djibouti) to Asia and the Gulf

Secondary route

Suez corridor to Europe

Trade research

• WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
• World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
• OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
• ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
• CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure